American Alligator Primary Habitats

Alligator mississippiensis is in the family Crocodylidae. This family has existed since the upper Triassic period, but the modern family members appear in the fossil record as little as 80 million years ago. There are three subfamilies, Alligatorinae, Crocodylinae, and Gavaialinae. Some people also include a fourth subfamily, Tomistominae, which contains a single species, the False Gharial. Alligatorinae includes the American and Chinese alligators and the caimans. Crocodylinae includes the crocodiles. Gavaialinae contains the gharials (or gavials). The alligators are unusually tolerant of cold and have been found frozen in ice at the most northern parts of their ranges (Beck). All of the family Crocodylidae is endangered. However, the American alligator has undergone a dramatic population resurgence because of human protection. Restrictions are still in place on capturing alligators from the wild (Beck). Studies have shown that using hormones such as norethindrone can be used to feminize alligator embryos at the male producing temperature (Lance, 79). This could lead to a way to help alligators increase in numbers of both sexes as well as help other members of the family Crocodylidae. Alligators are important ecologically and are dependent on the spatial and temporal patterns of water fluctuations. Patterns of courtship, mating, nesting, and habitat use are all dependent on marsh water levels. Alligators are a great study organism to study the adaptations and responses to the seasonal changes to the hydrological conditions in the everglades. Alligators seem to be able to adjust the height of the nest egg cavity based on the spring water levels, which historically indicated the water levels later in the nesting season. Water levels also determine the availability of food therefore affecting the patterns of growth and survival. Alligators are most abundant in central sloughs, which is probably due to recommendations regarding managing hydrological conditions for alligators focused on maintaining alligators in central slough habitats (Mazzotti, 485). The American alligator is one of the keystone species in the Florida everglades and other marsh systems. It is the only large, abundant, widespread nonmarine carnivore left in the southeastern United States (Mazzotti, 485). They are spread as far west as reserves in Texas, and their northern boundary is in South Carolina. The interesting thing about alligators is the temperature determination of sex. At 29? C all females will be produced. At 32? C all males are produced. Temperatures in-between will produce mixed sets of young. The lower the temperature the less yolk there is for the young, there fore the young turns out smaller and female (Allsteadt, 76). It would be the opposite for warmer temperatures. The female alligator chooses the nest site, which in turn determines the sex of the young. The sex of the young is determined in the first two-thirds of incubation. During the final third of incubation the quality of the young is determined. Snout length, carcass lean dry and lipid mass, and yolk sac lean dry and lipid mass are determined by the final third of the incubation period (Congdon, 497). These characteristics could affect the vitality of the young in competition after they hatch. In South Carolina growth rates of alligators were thought to be slower, but it seems that alligators reach sexual maturity at a later age and larger body size than alligators elsewhere. It is assumed that the delayed breeding of alligators in South Carolina may be related more to social dominance than to growth rates. It is essential that age and size relations need to be understood better if alligators are to be managed effectively (Wilkinson, 397). All alligators, caimans, gavials, and crocodiles are carnivorous. In the wild, each depends upon a somewhat different selection of prey from its local fauna. For captive specimens, diet should vary with the size of the animal and the availability of prey. Small captives will do well on small animals (e. g.. goldfish, insects, or mice. ) As the reptile grows, its diet should change from mice to rats to rabbits, chickens, and other suitable larger prey. It's prudent to supplement meals with added calcium. Reptiles are susceptible to a variety of cutaneous and deep mycotic infections, however relatively few cases are reported in the American alligator. A juvenile alligator in Texas was captured that was covered with a fungus-like material, which was a dermetophillic fungus (Foreyt, 530). This could indicate that alligators are becoming more susceptible to cutaneous infections. Since alligator's sex is determined by temperature there is a problem with primarily one sex being born. This causes a major problem since you have to have both male and female to produce young in alligators. Many surveys of juveniles and adults show a male-biased ratio, although a female-biased ratio exists in Louisiana. From a study of 25 nests with 778 hatchlings a ratio of 1 male to every 3. 8 females was determined (Rhodes, 640). However since sex ratios vary temporally and spatially, long tern studies in representative habitats would be required for adequate ratios. Hypoxic incubated alligator eggs temp to hatch later and produce smaller young. Their hematocrit was significantly higher after hatching. Alligators exposed to 20% Oxygen maintained oxygen consumption relative to their normoxic siblings despite their lower mass (Warburton, 44). Obviously being in hypoxic conditions wouldn't be life threatening to a certain point, but in future competition being smaller than the rest of the alligators is not a good quality. Humans as usual are a threat to any type of wildlife including alligators. Thirty farms in Florida's swampland are currently raising an estimated 100,000 alligators. They sold nearly 26,000 adult skins in 1995. The price for skins has increased 67% since 1993, and 30 % from 1995 to 1996 (Good). With skins being worth more each year, $150. 00 in 1996, more people may decide to take a risk in capturing alligators from the wild to sell skins. This could be detrimental to the wild population of alligators. However in 1998 trappers reported a decline in the demand for alligator skins resulting in a decrease in the price for skins. This helps slow programs where alligators that frighten people are killed (Falling, 6). If skins become popular again programs like these would hurt the population. This program has flaws because most alligators are relatively calm. The psychological orientation of alligators is interesting. It appears that alligators tend to regard humans as animals larger than themselves and thus will not generally attack a human without provocation. However, they will certainly look after their interests, and a small number of accidents have occurred when their predatory or protective instincts were inadvertently triggered. Crocodilians will attack in self-defense, to obtain food, and to protect their young up to two years after birth. Indeed, the outstanding parental care they afford is unique among herps and (along with certain anatomical features) illustrates the close alliance of this family to birds and, ultimately, dinosaurs (Beck).

Manage Risk Essay

Assessment activity 1: Review organisational processes, procedures and requirements for undertaking risk management 1. Create your own definitions for the following terms: a) Risk: A probability or threat of damage, injury, liability, loss, or any other negative occurrence that is caused by external or internal vulnerabilities, and that may be avoided through preemptive action. b) Risk management: The identification, analysis, assessment, control, and avoidance, minimization, or elimination of unacceptable risks. c) Risk appetite: The amount a business is willing to place at risk in the pursuit of its objectives d) Risk capacity: The amount a business is capable of loosing before it endangers its own sustainability 2. Comment on the following saying in relation to the risk management policies and practices of an organisation: â€Å" Organisations that fail to plan, plan to fail† If an organization does not have a risk plan is likely that any risk occurring with negative consequences occur organization. If the organization has a risk prevention plan is very likely that the risk does not occur and the organization and its workers could produce kno w how to deal with the negative consequences of that risk to minimize that consequences. Assessment activity 2: Determine scope for risk management process Case study Advantages: It will be holistic. Disadvantages: It will require extensive resources to conduct it properly, especially if the scope of the risk management is large and covers a wide range of activities across the divisions; very large number of policies and procedures; and is taking into account differences in each state, territory, country. The scope of a risk management strategy is entirely reflective of the organisation, its activities and risk profile. It can also be indicative of the following: past history, knowledge and experience of risk management  held by senior management, available resources, external environmental factors. Assessment activity 3: Identify internal and external stakeholders and their issues Why is it advantageous to consider stakeholders’ issues throughout the risk management process design? Stakeholders can contribute ideas, energy, skills, identifying risks and take steps to effectively manage them. Stakeholders can play an influential role in the direction and performance of t he organisation. Assessment activity 4: Review political, economic, social, legal, technological and policy context Consider your own organisation’s risk profile and comment on the influence/impact each of the following factors has on it: – Political: Through legislative and regulatory changes, political unrest, corruption and contractual issues. – Economic: Through economic booming / downturn, interest rate. – Social: Through aging population, migration, societal trends. – Legal: Through legislation changes, guidelines, code of practice. – Technological: Through new technology, consumer behaviour. – Policy: Through activities of the business and the associated risks. Assessment activity 5: Review strengths and weaknesses of existing arrangements 1. Conduct a SWOT analysis for the current risk management practices of an organisation with which you are familiar. SWOT analysis Name of organisation: GRAEL (trucking company) Brief description of core function of the organisation: Strengths: Large installations, staff with enough experience, young fleet vehicles, good prices and delivery times, national coverage. Weaknesses: High staff cost, low technological level, small business size. Opportunities: Short delivery times, satisfied costumer, implementation of more efficient technologies, opening new markets. Threats: New competitors, strict rules, lower prices in the market, little capacity of investment. I think this analysis is quite adequate and accurate because goals of this company is to grow in the freight market and satisfying the customer with meeting deadlines and the decreasing cost. if the business knows what his weaknesses and threats can be set to convert these shares in just the opposite, that is, opportunities and strengths. Assessment activity 6: Document critical success factors, goals or objectives for area included in scope 1. Case study: Nautilus Boat Hire The business has to establish specific and achievable goals because otherwise the risk management team and the individuals in it will have no direction, nothing to aim for. Goals provide a focus and purpose for action. In this case we have to turn weaknesses into strengths and threats into opportunities and all this has to be specific, tangible and measurable. Examples of how managing risk that Nautilus Boat Hire could adopt: – Provide of life jacket to all crew of the boat. – Provide of guide service in every trip. – Restructure the boats to make their use easier. Buy boats with easier use. – Distributed to each passenger a pamphlet advising the use of protective sun cream and even offering to purchase such product also sell bottles of water. – Advertise of possible noise pollution. All this actions could help our business to grow, manage risk, and achieve goals. Assessment activity 7: Obtain support for risk management activities 1. Getting people on board and keeping them engaged is a key part of managing risk. Explain, in our own words, the importance of getting support for risk management plans and processes. In a business is very important getting support for risk management plans and processes because if people do not understand the consequences of not managing risk, they are likely to view the process as more administration that takes them away from performing their core duties. 2. Create your own checklist for the qualities of a risk management champion. – Commitment and belief that managing risk is a good thing to do. – An ability to confidently speak about risk and its management. – Credibility within the business, team, department. Assessment activity 14: Evaluate and prioritise risk for treatment 1. Using the severity and likelihood matrix that you created for Nautilus Boat Hire, list the risks in priority order and give reasons for your rankings. 1 º. People who are not strong swimmers, especially children, drowning. Reasons: Negative impact on the business and the customer. May cause the closure. 2 º. Clients making a lot of noise when moored and residents complaining. Reason: Negative impact on the business. May cause the closure for noise pollution. 3 º. Houseboat clients getting lost and/or stuck on sandbanks. Reason: Negative impact on the business. Bad image for the business. 4 º. Clients finding the houseboat very difficult to control in high winds resulting in damage to the houseboat and/or land structures. Reason: Negative impact on the business. A part of the bad image for the business may be a fee arrangement of these houseboats. 5 º. Clients being sunburned and dehydrated on hot, sunny d ays. Reason: Risk is likely high to occur but with a low index of business impact. 2. Discuss some of the problems that you might encounter when trying to determine priority of risks. The problem is when you determine that there are several risks with the same degree of probability of occurrence and with the same degree of severity when it occurs. In this case the problem that we find is which risk we have to manage first. Assessment activity 15: Determine and select most appropriate options for treating risks 1. In your own words, describe what the ALARP principle means and give an example of it in practice. When controls are applied to a risk, it might be lowered to a level that is considered tolerable. If the staff of a chemical company uses the appropriate protective clothing, the risk of physical damage occurs by the use of chemicals will be less than if you do not use the protective clothing. 2. Give examples of risk that could be managed by each of the following treatment strategie s a. Avoid the risk: Choose not to borrow money to finance a project: Expand the facilities of the company. If I cannot finance  the expansion project cannot be carried out. b. Reduce the risk: Install warning signs to alert people of a possible risk: A construction company that is building a building has to signal alerts the dangers of possible risks. c. Share the risk: Contract multiple suppliers for each product: A company dedicated to the manufacture of given product has to have different suppliers to ensure that you can make this product even if some of the provider fails to supply the raw material. d. Retain the risk: Agree that the small risk of a client defaulting on payment in worth taking to obtain a new line of business that can then be used to prospect for other clients: The risk is very small so it doesn’t influence in the new line of business. 3. Describe a situation from your own experience where you applied a control to a risk. Explain the nature of the risk, which type of control that you chose to use, what you actually did and how successful it was. When moving heavy furniture you must use appropriate such as a forklift mechanisms and you have to put the most appropriate posture for lifting heavy furniture to avoid damaging the back. You need to wear a protective boots to prevent falling objects cause injury. Assessment activity 16: Develop an action plan for implementing risk treatment 1. Use the template below, create an example action plan to show how you would implement 2 risk management strategies of your choosing. Assessment activity 17: Communicate risk management processes to relevant parties Case study. Explain who the action plan, and its associated details, needs to be communicated to and when and how this could be best achieved. The action plan must be communicated to all parties who will have a responsibility for actioning or overseeing them. It has to communicate what must or must not be done, who should be doing it, by when and what the consequences are of failing to do it. Abacus Accounting has to communicate  risk management strategies to the staff involved in that business. It has to explain all protocols and procedures contain in the plan. The best way to achieve it, is using two way rather than a one way communication process, â€Å"Feedback†. Communication methods: Face to face discussions, written procedures manual, email, training. Assessment activity 18: Ensure all documentation is in order and appropriately stored. In the space below, list the policies, associated p rocedures and person/s responsible for completing the record-keeping that your organisation has in place for risk management. Assessment activity 19: Implement and monitor action plan 1. Discuss why it is important to monitor an action plan once it has moved into its implementation phase. Should be undertaken with the overall objective of continually improving the organisation’s performance through effective risk management. The monitoring regime should be considered as a key part of the plan development phase. Monitoring allows for any variance against the intended goals to be quickly identified and rectified. 2. Using the review scope and frequency triangle, give at least 2 examples of activities that could be performed at each level Regular checking / continuous monitoring: Proper use of machinery, Compliance schedule by workers Line management / Review: Review the economic performance, Review compliance with internal regulations Audit: Check the quality system, Review the risk plan 3. At what point is it best to consider the monitoring aspect of a risk management plan and what factors should be included? Monitoring allows for  any variance against the intended goals to be quickly identified and rectified. Monitoring factors that should be included: – What date do you need to collect? – How will you ensure that the data is valid and reliable? – How will you know if you are moving towards the goal set? – How will you know when the goal has been reached? – How frequently will you assess the plan? Assessment activity 20: Discuss the following statement: â€Å"Audits conducted by external companies are just another academic exercise designed to create employment for consultants†. I am not agree with this statement because I think that external Audits are necessary sometimes to audit some companies because it is a external company to your company so it is impartial. Choose an external auditor endeavour to find one who: – specialises in your organisation’s industry – is appropriately qualified and experienced – demonstrates the ability to quickly build rapport with workers – is impartial, thorough and investigative Assessment tools 2 (AT2) 1. What is the purpose of the standard AS/NZS ISO 31000:2009 Risk Management? In that standard Risk is defined as â€Å"The effect of uncertainty on objectives†. Risks affecting organizations can have consequences in terms of economic performance and professional reputation, as well as environmental, safety and societal outcomes. Therefore, managing risk effectively helps organizations to perform well in an environment full of uncertainty. AS/NZS ISO 31000:2009 Risk Management provides principles, framework and a process for managing risk. 2. There are a number of Key provisions of relevant legislation and regulations from all levels of government that may affect aspects of business operations. Why is it necessary to have a working knowledge of the legislation involved in business? What is duty of care? A business will face issues if you do not abide by the law. It’s important to have a working knowledge of the legislation involved with your business so that with every move your business makes, you can ensure that you are complying with the laws of the  land. The primary responsibility lies with the person who is conducting the business and is also the responsibility of all staff of the company to know the laws that are involved in the business. 3. What is risk management? Why must risk management procedures be followed? Risk management is a process that enable board of directors, managers, staff and shareholders to have a reasonable degree of confidence that business goals will be achieved within an acceptable level of risk. Risk management is an effort to reduce risk. Risk management activities identify whether there are any risk controls in place, and if so, whether they are adequate. Risk management policies set out, for employees, the instructions and operating procedures that must be followed. 4. What are the advantages and disadvantages of carrying out a risk assessment for a whole organisation and its overall operations? On what basis/scope might risk assessments be carried out if they are not carried out for an entire organisations? The advantages of conducting risk assessment for the whole business is that it will be holistic and parts of the business are less likely to be overlooked. It will allow a uniform risk management plan whose sections all work in relation to others and it can be communicated to employees in the same manner and at the same time. Scope of a business’s risk assessment might include: specific projects, specific business units or areas, specific business functions, the external environment, the internal environm ent. 5. Employees with disability have the same rights as other employees to a safe and healthy workplace and they also have the right to workplace modifications or adjustments that ensure their safety. What Acts affords these rights to disabled workers ? What types of adjustments might be required? The Disability Discrimination Act (ADD) 1992 gives disabled workers the right to workplace adjustment. Adjustments might include: Wheelchair ramps, access to safety information I the required format, extra wide exit doors, the provision of special personal protection equipment, the provision of special equipment, changes or modifications to policies and procedures, ergonomic adjustments to work stations, adjusting work schedules. 6. Businesses can take out a variety of insurances that will indemnify them and/or their employees, customers, members of the public in the case of an accident or other adverse occurrence. What types of insurance can they take out? What companies offers  insurance for businesses? Types of insurance: Business insurance, fire insurance, kidnap and ransom insurance, worker’s compensation insurance, life insurance, Directo’s and officer’s insurance, industrial special risk insurance, public liability insurance, motor vehicle fleet insurance, compulsory third party insurance, professional indemnity insurance, key person insurance. Example of companies offering insurance: Allianz, AMP, QBE, GIO, RACV, MLC, AAMI, SGIO, Zurich, Vero, Rural and General. Assessment tool 3 (AT3): Project Part 1- Plan for enterprise risk management: With my project I will develop the study and application of a risk policy for a company that is dedicated to fashion market by own local fashion stores. Before the development of the risk policy I have to make clear what the mission and vision of our business. Mission: to be a leader in the market, offering quality, good service and plenty of outlets offering care and quality of life for people. Vision: To be the retailer that offers the best quality and variety of services and products for sale to customers, generate added value to people with our products. Why do we have to approach risk management? – We anticipate events that may be unexpected or uncontrolled, such as people stop buying any product we sell because the market has entered a new fashion label. – Analysis of business opportunities, or as to open new sales channels, to improve products or to improve our facilities. – Improved performance outcomes due to effective planning, if we know that there are risks to our business address them on time and know we will always have an effective response to address them. – Optimal efficiency and economy. Know how the money is spent and when to spend, eg making a risk analysis can allow me know if I should invest in a particular area or not, or in a particular product or not. – Improved relationship with stakeholders, because all stakeholders must understand the business risks. – If all future events that may occur are provided of course the director or team conducting the study of risk will have a good reputation both inside and outside t he business Through the system of risk management we know how our company is willing to spend to achieve the objectives and how are willing to  lose if it does not address future risks. The scope for risk management will make for this business includes both an internal area of operation of the company as well as an external scope thereof. Internal because I will analyze what are the risks that can find me in my business. External, because I will try to study what are the external factors that may affect my business. For example, an internal factor is the reform and adaptation of shops to allow access for the handicapped. An external factor would be as such can influence the economy in buying fashionable clothes. Therefore when establishing our risk management should take into account the following circumstances: – Political: depending on whether there will be a government or other legislation and other issues that may affect me in varying degrees relating to such licensing to open outlets. – Economic: Depending on how the economy is or the area where I’m shops sell more or less. – Social: Depending on social trends when it comes to fashion I’ll have to adapt the models to these new trends. – Legal : I have to adapt my business to existing legislation. – Technological: I’ll have to adapt production of garments production technologies and even the addition of new tissues. – Policy: Activities of the business and the associated risks. To manage the risk facing a business it is important to identify all of the stakeholders and issues. What are internal and external stakeholder in our business? Internal stakeholder: It would all the staff with which our company, shareholders, management, administrative department, financial department, buying department, marketing department, design department, production and logistics, and all the staff working in stores in different cities where we are set. External stakeholder: Any person who makes the purchase in one of our stores can consider stakeholder. Supplier could be considered as external stakeholder. The government can be considered as a stakeholder in the way laws on trade. Part 2: Identify the risks: Identify the risks through a SWOT diagram Strengths | Weaknesses | – Quality and designed at very reasonable prices. – Strong financial system. Solid and profitable company.- Vertical integration: control over the entire production chain.- Production of garments to be sold. Very little stock. High turnover of product.- Quick delivery to shops.- Variety of models.-  Strong presence in each city.- Stores in the best locations in the city.- Good after sale system. | – Very little advertising system.- Employee wages low- Stores have a poor image abroad.- Stores are not adapted for disabled input.- Clothes sewing defects.- High cost of maintenance shops. | Opportunities | Threats | – Growth of cities due to immigration.- Creating outlets: selling clothes from other seasons at lower prices.- Growing interest in personal image.- Globalized world: others markets.- New technologies. | – Other companies have similar products with good quality and good prices.- Increased competition in the sector.- Demanding customer: People do not like to dress like others.- Other businesses have online shops.-Climatic diversity: different climates that make manufacturing clothes according to the weather, is very wide. | This SWOT analysis follows that our company can be found on the following risks: 1. Not having a good advertising system do not reach people our deals so many people do not know the products we have. The only way to know that we can offer it’s entering one of our stores. 2. Salary of employees is low so they are not motivated. Not being motivated not only contribute ideas and really made a mechanical sales job but do not persuade the buyer to ma ke a purchase top. 3. Image abroad offering shops is very poor and the decor is not very good. On the other hand, the lighting is bad and there are clothes in the windows are not all that should be visible. Another problem is that the prices are in clothing exposed in the window and is not seen very divicil identify which price corresponds with each garment. 4. Virtually all of our stores are not adapted to the input of people with disabilities â€Å"Wheelchair†. The problem here is that we find the latest legislation on this issue gives us a period of two years to adapt to every store possible input disabled. 5. Many of the items have defects resulting from poor workmanship. This involves not a major economic expenditure for the company because you have to add the price of the withdrawal of the garment all transportation costs. 6. The high cost of maintenance of the stores is another risk that we are as it is a very negative factor financially to the income statement. 7. Increased competition. Other companies are appearing on the market with very similar to our products at very competitive prices so our sales could lower. 8. We do not have Online  Shop. We don’t have online shop and currently that sales are increasing. 9. We manufacture garments for all seasons so our manufacturing models are many and this leads us to the problem of strong economic investment we have to do to purchase machinery to manufacture all that wide range of models. All these risks have deduced the SWOT analysis we have made to our business and lessons learned in the past, data and statistics that we have on our business. If we want a more detailed analysis of all risks that may affect our business, we might go to an outside consultant as these people are prepared and have specialized knowledge and appropriate tools to identify what are the risks that may affect our business. Tools and techniques that it could be used in the audit process: – Fishbone diagrams – Process mapping – Force field analysis – Checklists – Scenario analysis – Markov chains 1. Not having a good advertising system do not reach people our deals so many people do not know the products we have. Minimal impact. Our business is built on the basis of an almost nonexistent outside advertising so this is a risk but almost irrelevant. If we want to expand the business or increase  sales if you should do some advertising campaign and should consider the most appropriate way of doing this campaign. 2. Salary of employees is low so they are not motivated. Moderate Impact. We study the possibility of increasing the wages of workers in our company to try to increase the productivity of these workers. Although productivity and wages are two issues that need not be proportionate if it is true that a worker is more encouraged to work with a slightly higher salary than another worker performing that function this but a minimum wage. Slightly increasing wages and participation could increase sales because the seller would find more willing to sell and deliver the product s and therefore more likely the buyer would buy. 3. Image abroad offering shops is very poor and the decor is not very good. Minor impact. Although I have an external image in not very good trades I think his impact is less when talking about risks to our business as it is not very expensive to redecorate all the windows to make them more attractive to our customers. A different question is the issue of bad lighting since the change the entire lighting system stores would be costly for the business but could make a sequence and always depending on the importance regarding the location and quantity of sales shops. 4. Virtually all of our stores are not adapted to the input of people with disabilities â€Å"Wheelchair†. Disastrous / catastrophic. If we do not adapt to the existing legislation on trade our stores may be closed by the competent authorities. As our business would cease to exist. I think this risk is a priority when looking for a solution. 5. Many of the items have defects resulting from poor workmanship. Severe impact. When carrying a defective garment market the basic cost of the garment triples so this risk we must approach it as a must urgently increase the benefit of our business to carry out the whole process of reforms that we are talking about and that our shareholders are demanding us to increase business benefits. This can solve it with a higher quality control. The quality control mechanism must be present in all of our business processes, that is, from the design of the garment to the customer buys it, through manufacturing, logistics, customer service †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ . 6. The high cost of maintenance of the stores. Severe impact. Negative impact on the income statement. We should make the necessary reforms in stores to ensure that the cost of maintaining them is less for the benefit of the business is greater. Depending on the degree of need for the reform of local  we could also think of relocating these stores. We should conduct a market study of the area where the store to see if it is the right place or if instead Store could relocate elsewhere something less expensive is located. 7. Increased competition. Minor impact. The increase in our competition is a fact that can not be denied. We are still having good sales in our business and we were not too concerned that other companies entering our market but the probability of this happening is quite high and although initially the impact is small can lead to over time this impact becomes high due to the loss of competitiveness. We must establish appropriate in our company to always be ahead of p ossible companies that want to enter our niche market mechanisms. 8. We do not have Online Shop. Moderate impact. Not having a online sale mechanism first time does not mean a loss of sales in our business but precisely for the opposite if we establish this system of Internet sales our sales increase. Perform this process would not be very expensive for our business and could bring great benefits because we could reduce very significantly the costs, especially the costs of maintenance shops and staff costs. 9. We manufacture garments for all seasons. Moderate impact. We have adapted the production chain to see how we can reduce costs in manufacturing garments. But this we can do it in a leisurely way without making a large financial outlay. Likewise we can stop making certain models that are the least sold and are left less benefit. Communication with all relevant parties. To communicate with all relevant parties in the process of reforms resulting from all risks I have described, would do it two ways: 1. Internally in our company through briefings to all staff employed in our company by exposing what are the changes that are going to make an attempt on one hand the people brainstorm such change and on the other side that all staff have knowledge of such changes. I think it would be a good way to create a positive feedback. Also would have to send the entire management team and the financial team with a report of all findings of the risk because ultimately they are the ones who have the power of decision on the feasibility of these reforms. We should also make a report to shareholders equipment at all times know what steps you are following the company. 2. An external way our company would be good to communicate throughout the process  of change to all our potential clients in order to publicize the company how it works and what the goals are the same. We could do some kind of advertising campaign. On the other hand we must notify the competent bodies our stores comply with current regulations. Finally I would say that our plan of risks and their treatment should always be in line with the goals of our business, as well as the mission and vision of it.

Assignment 2 Database Modeling and Normalization

It really depends on the person style, specifications they are looking for, trust in the brand, and the depth of their pockets, how much a person is willing to spend for example on a that high definition led plasma television that is 52 inches. No matter the cost, businesses want to keep a track of the sales of their employees and how much they are getting paid. In this case a high-end electronics store wants to streamline data processing to enable them to help determine the commissions paid to employees. Assignment 2- Database Modeling and Normalization Streamlining processes allows information to be available to users across the system. In order for the finance department to be able to find the commission paid to employee’s information that maybe held by other departments such as human resources will be needed. Once the database is complete and has all the information such as: employee first and last name, employee ID, yearly salary, commission rate, department, etc, the finance department can then being to generate that information. In this case a query is designed to allow the finance department to determine commissions paid to employees of specific departments. That code will be compared to the code that would show how much total compensation is paid to each employee monthly. Lastly it will be described how Big Data could be used to assist in productivity and forecasting of organizations product and resources. Methods After information is gathered about the employee; most of what was mentioned before, and input into the system a query can be designed to pull that information from the tables. In order to pull information from tables the SELECT function is used to determine the information that is needed and the FROM function tells from what tables to pull it (Coronel, Morris Rob, 2012). The coding that was used to find information on commissions paid to employees was: SELECT Employee. * FROM Employee, Invoice WHERE (DepartmentID =2); The asterisk next to employees indicates that all the information under the employee table was used to generate the search. In this query information was pulled from the employee and invoice tables. The WHERE function more specifically states the department which can be changed and it would generate new information. The query currently only shows employee commission information for employees who work in department two (see attachment). If the finance department wanted to find the total compensation paid to each employee in the same month as the first query a slightly different query would be run to generate that information. The first code simply pulled the information and did not include and computation because the finance department only requested to be able to determine as in pull up the record for employee’s commission paid. The second code will include computation which will divide the yearly salary by twelve months then multiples the commission rate by the total amount of product sold and lastly add those two numbers together to get the total compensation for that month. Unfortunately the coding that I am using is not generating a proper result. However, it should look something like this: SELECT Employee. EmpNumber, Employee. EmpFirstName, Employee. EmpLastName, Employee. YrlySalary, Invoice. InvAmount, Invoice. InvDate, Employee. CommissionRate FROM Employee INNER JOIN Invoice ON Employee. EmpNumber = Invoice. EmpNumber WHERE (DepartmentID=2);, it is missing the computation part. Big Data could be used to assist in productivity and forecasting of organizations product and resources because it takes â€Å"large pools of data that can be brought together and analyzed to discern patterns and make better decisions†. It â€Å"enhanc[es] productivity and creat[es] significant value for the world economy by reducing waste and increasing the quality of products and services (Mcguire, 2012). Additionally, Big Data adds â€Å"value by making information transparent†¦ â€Å"store more transactional data in digital form†, and develop the next generation of products and services† (Mcguire, 2012). That last aspect of Big Data allows â€Å"manufacturers are using data obtained from sensors embedded in products to create innovative after-sales service offerings such as proactive maintenance to avoid failures in new products (Mcguire, 2012). References Coronel, C. , Morris, S. , Rob, P. (2012). Database systems. (10th ed. ). Independence, KY: Cengage. Mcguire, T. (2012, July). Why big data is the new competitive advantage. Retrieved from http://www. iveybusinessjournal. com/topics/strategy/why-big-data-is-the-new-competitive-advantage Appendix A Appendix B | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

PEPSI Advertisement - A Lot More Than You Think Essay

PEPSI Advertisement - A Lot More Than You Think - Essay Example A young Hispanic boy starts off in by an apartment complex in this commercial, and by using an urban Hispanic setting with a monotone color scheme, a sense of confinement is instilled and something must be done about it.   With this set-up, Pepsi comes in to â€Å"save the day† or, in this case, this boy’s life from normality.   Pepsi’s product promises to lift this particular Hispanic youth out of a lower-middle class inner-city barrio environment into a drummer for a popular band.   Once the boy has tried the product, he becomes inspired giving him confidence and motivation to follow his dream of becoming a drummer.   And while everyone else is still living their mundane lives, he has transcended this barrio environment to pursue his dream.   He ascends to the high-class stardom status instantaneously in the commercial.   He is suddenly taken out of the boring lifestyle he was living in, ages about ten years older, and is put in a rock band on stage entertaining a massive crowd of fans most likely with his professional drumming. The boy’s younger years are portrayed in the sunlight, but not necessarily in a cheerful, happy way.   The sun just seems to be part of the whole monotonous picture.   When the boy’s dream is finally reached, the whole set-up is changed.   Instead of it being day, it is night (or at least in an indoor stadium or concert hall).   The only light is the light coming from the stage lights.... The boy's younger years are portrayed in the sunlight, but not necessarily in a cheerful, happy way. The sun just seems to be part of the whole monotonous picture. When the boy's dream is finally reached, the whole set-up is changed. Instead of it being day, it is night (or at least in an indoor stadium or concert hall). The only light is the light coming from the stage lights, which represent the fact that he is now the only one being focused on whereas before everyone was under the sunlight. No one would seem to have any fortune in the boy's town, and there are a lot of "mom and pop shops" or "bodegas" as the production notes in the video Production Notes state. This would imply that when the children are old enough, they end up taking over the family shop or store, which represses the child's dreams of becoming rich and famous. Since they will have to spend so much time and have so much responsibility over their bodega, they will never have enough time to pursue their dream, but drinking Pepsi will put them on par with the rest of the rock stars and celebrities because they drink it too. And when you drink Pepsi, you are a rock star too, metaphorically or in the instance of this commercial realistically as well. The main Hispanic boy of the commercial purposefully does not look like a rock star until he grows up into one after drinking the Pepsi, and neither does anyone else in the town. Everyone is meant to just be an average, stereotypical, Hispanic person living their daily lives kind of mindlessly. The boy however has been energized, motivated, and inspired by the Pepsi-cola he drank and he shows this in his

The Execution of John Brown Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Execution of John Brown - Essay Example The Execution of John Brown On the other hand, the statement of David Hunter Strother on the account of Brown’s execution described in full detail the final moments of John Brown before he was executed. The intended audience are the same – both Southerners and Northerners. The two documents have many parallelisms regarding John Brown’s character and beliefs, but they have a few noteworthy differences. The â€Å"Last Statement† and Strother’s Statement actually had parallelisms. Brown’s â€Å"Last Statement† is the final statement of Brown spoken after he was sentenced to death by the South. Whether it was Brown himself who wrote the speech or someone who simply noted down what he spoke, the speech seems to say one thing: the South has been wrong in its stance for slavery and the North, including Brown himself, is vindicated in their cause. The speech was wholly a denial of the charges and a testament that explained the basis of the abolition. One of the main poin ts that Brown emphasized in his speech is a denial of the accusations previously hurled against him, and he did this with pride. He said, â€Å"I deny everything but what I have all along admitted of a design on my part to free slaves† (Author 148). For Brown, therefore, storming the armory at Harper’s Ferry was not at all a sign of rebellion but rather merely an act to free the slaves. Thus, for him, â€Å"It is unjust that I should suffer such a penalty† (149), and â€Å"I feel no consciousness of guilt†. ... It is actually Brown’s pride that is being shown here, although Strother’s account somehow suggests that Brown died with so much display of haughtiness – as using the words â€Å"grim and grisly smirk,† â€Å"bravado,† and â€Å"alacrity† (300). Strother must have been a sympathizer of the South for him to write the execution account like this, especially as he described Brown as â€Å"notorious† (299). However, towards the second half of Strother’s report, somehow he changes his sentiments to that in favor of Brown. He describes him as rather waiting for his death â€Å"quietly and civilly† and â€Å"without impatience† for such choice of words – â€Å"quietly† and â€Å"civilly† – somehow shows that indeed, for Strother, Brown died with dignity and honor (301). In fact, when someone seated beside Strother told him that Brown was already starting to break down –â€Å"He trembles , his knees are shaking† – Strother rather dismissed it as false (301). For Strother, it is the scaffold that shakes and not Brown’s knees, thus making the other person feel that he was wrong and that Brown here was not the cowardly guilty criminal that the man thought he was but rather a man who is ready to face death and brave enough in accepting his fate (301). What happened then to the original sentiments of Strother at the first half of the article? Perhaps, the hatred in Strother was replaced by admiration for the unflinching manner by which Brown faced his execution. The â€Å"Last Statement† actually contained more information about Brown than Strother’s account of the former’s execution. While Strother only described a man of dignity and honor standing at the scaffold, Brown’s â€Å"Last

Ethical Analysis of the Ed Fischer Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Ethical Analysis of the Ed Fischer - Case Study Example Thus, the responsibility of the scientist is to discover new things. In the same way a lawyer helps in the justice, it is lawyer's responsibility to make sure that a proper justice is done to his/her client, so on and so forth. However all professions are governed by something other than just mere responsibility and duty. Sometimes it is not enough to just do your job. There are times when one needs to decide between what can be done and what should be done and at times, there are more choices available. It is slightly more complicated than it sounds. This is because there are other factors that play a role in the decision-making. These other factors define ethics. Ethics is not just about right or wrong or true or false. It is not that simple to define either. Ethics is not governed by rules or laws. Neither is there any ethical book of conduct. Ethics is actually a philosophy that existed for a long time for the betterment of the mankind. So then, one may ask if ethics is not law, neither it's a rule then what is ethics And why should one even bother to think about it Well there are good reasons to do so. Ethics defines the right actions based on the moral conduct and behavior for a greater good of an individual or a society. i.e., following the ethical standards would lead to following the general beliefs of the society. However, having said this, one may ask if it is always good to follow the ethics. Well that is a difficult question to answer. There are occasions when one needs to make a decision on either to follow the ethics or not. This can be elaborated further with Ed Fisher's case. Ed is currently bed ridden and needs assistance for most of his activities. He can't move his arms, can hardly move, and is really week due to eating disorders. His wife has died and is has three adult children. He has lost his desire to live longer in spite of having the possibility. The question that one needs to ask now is should a person who is suffering with so many severe symptoms still be convinced to live. Nevertheless, before asking that question, we need to ask what should be the reason to live, alternatively, if there should be any reason at all. The reason that a person lives, is not simply because he or she can move around or has the ability to do difficult tasks, but it is due to the reason that he has a soul within him or her. Moreover, as long as the soul exists, every living form in this world has the right to live life to the fullest and as long as possible. Having said that, the next question that arises is, everyone has the right to live but does anyone has the right to end his life as per his wish no matter what the circumstances are. What shall one do when a person decides to not to extend the days in his life Shall that person be allowed to die or shall that person be treated to the maximum possible way in order to extend his days fully As discussed in the beginning of this essay, these are the questions of ethics. These questions are toughest to answer and a nightmare for medical professionals. In Ed Fisher's case, it is obvious that he will not live much longer without the feeding tube. Therefore, for Ed, the advantages and disadvantages of undergoing the surgery are as follows: Advantages: He can live longer Can see his children prosper in their careers and personal lives Can see his grandchildren May learn or experience something new because you never stop learning until you

Should College Athletes Be Paid Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Should College Athletes Be Paid - Essay Example The key question posed by many previous reformists is whether college athletes should be paid. Given the consideration of many factors such as health, behavior, multi-billion dollar industry, moral decay, physical condition, talent and popularity, it stills remains an issue at stake whether student athletes should be paid (Sack & Staurowsky 139). Various magazine articles have been presented, covering the issue which has necessitated immediate action from reformists and ranking professional in the field. The National College Athletic Association over the previous year provided that schools should award the students two thousand dollars per year as a stipend but dropped the proposal after concerns were raised on how it would be achieved by the media. Upon pressure by the highlighted events through media coverage such as Euro sports and sports columnists, prominent coaches think that this idea should be revived and have sought to have it implemented. This is based on the argument that the playoffs fetch more money that is given to the directors, coaches and NCAA and which should also be given to the students. In my opinion, the media have enhanced the speed of consideration of this issue by providing information on the step taken and direction thus far. Student athletes should be get non cash payments from their colleges while if hired by companies they should receive monetary compensation for their time and energy. In this case, payment depends on a variety of things and can be achieved in many forms. Television coverage of sports competitions among the various institutions to determine the winner generates millions of dollars as additional revenue for the participating schools in which case the thousands of college and university students should be part of the cake (Shropshire & Davis 156). Cash payments should be made when the students play for an outside team or when hired by the companies outside the scope of the school. Through the media, open discussions a nd forums have come up to discuss issues relating to payments of athletes. Some magazines provide coverage on certain players posing probable concerns on payments and television shows invite athletes on talk show trying to get their views on the matter and other issues in the federation. Colleges on the other side need to focus on the students as a motivational tool and award them benefits in kind such as insurance schemes, proper housing, full educational scholarships and other fringe benefits (Griffin 91). The coverage of significant presentations such as ESPN show that student athletes spend more time in the field practicing and in most cases utilize most of their energy to gain money for the schools which then should have a responsibility to motivate them by offering them some form of payment. It is essential to note that talented students will most likely attend colleges that offer rewards for their efforts and thus most of management will seek them immediately after high schoo ls with enticing propositions such as scholarships awards. This is not enough though, and they need to further offer cash and remuneration after the games athletes participate (Shropshire & Davis 162). Sporting events are also covered in movies which try to bring more action on what actually transpires in the field. High school

Evidence in the case of Donald who May have Hit Doris Essay

Evidence in the case of Donald who May have Hit Doris - Essay Example Doris provides what is called the ‘master narrative’ as well which is defined as a story that has cultural context through which the specific story is given a deeper meaning.3 The ‘master narrative’ that Doris has created is that of the abused female by a male aggressor. Through this narrative, the context of the rest of the evidence is presented. Ann Ann overheard a statement by Doris at the party. That statement was â€Å"Stop hitting me Donald† and that it was made in a state of duress. Except for the accused, the spouse of an accused, or the children of an accused, there is an assumption made in English law that all witnesses that are brought forth with be competent and compellable.4 The narrative is how the story of the events is constructed, starting with the story of the victim, but then moving to the corroboration of witnesses. Ann’s function is to corroborate the story that Doris has related that led to charges against Donald. Ann†™s testimony is hearsay. Hearsay is defined as a statement that is made outside of the court which is given to prove the matter that is in process.5 Using the example of R v Xhabri, hearsay in the form of overhearing statements made by a victims were admissible through s114(1)(d) even when it was dismissible under s120.6 The reason for this admissibility is that the interests of justice overrode any benefit of dismissing the testimony.7 Ann’s testimony becomes complicated, however, by her former conviction. Under the Criminal Justice Act of 2003, provision 100, the bad character of an individual as it may pertain to guilt in relationship to their participation may be admissible.8 Under this provision, the witness’ character can be at issue when they may have criminally contributed or actually been the perpetrator of the crime. It has been used further to assess the credibility of a witness.9 In this case, Ann has been previously convicted of perverting the course of justice, which means she was part of a conspiracy to pervert the course of justice which is criminal and is a holdover of English Common Law.10 This means that at some point she participated in trying to falsely inform the court as to the truth of an action. It is likely that the evidence she presents will be thrown out or at the least minimized by introduction of her former conviction. Dr. Foot Dr. Foot, which for the purposes of this paper is assumed to be an expert in forensic investigation, has evidence of hair from Donald on the victim, Doris. Evidence must be relevant which was established in the Indian Evidence Act of 1872 which is still in effect and provides that there is a difference between logical evidence and legal evidence, supporting the concept of the best evidence theory. Best evidence theory has been overruled by the relevance of evidence on most trials, however, and in this one while the hair is best evidence, it does nothing more than establish Donald’s pr esence at the party which is not in dispute.11 The use of the Civil Evidence Act of 1972 provides for evidence created outside

Similarities between the Picture House and theme parks in Disneyland Essay

Similarities between the Picture House and theme parks in Disneyland - Essay Example The only answer would be that until then we were confined to having pictures painted, but the possibility of seeing our pictures on paper as though they were real, enthralled people. The advent of the motion picture further popularized this cause. With the creation of movies, people who watched them began to feel that they were integral entities in the movie so much so that if there were an emotional scene, then most would be in tears, or if there were any action, one could see people emulating their favorite actors and sometimes would end up punching the fellow next to them accidentally. People began to sense their lives in the movie's story and this is the prime reason as to why people loved to throng the picture house. Pictures were beginning to be made on all sorts of subjects, from comedy to tragedy; from history to mystery; from morals to quarrels etc. Within due course of time, movies had extended such an influence over the public that everyone wanted to emulate his personal hero, for whom he was god (the actors in this case). We like to develop ourselves into looking and behave like our heroes. Cinemas became symbols of economic prosperity, and people felt proud of its stature.

Strange pulsing pain Essay Example for Free

Strange pulsing pain Essay Emily Finkle, age 14: I got very used to the jingle of chains every time I walked out of the mines to have a breath of fresh air. The mines were not as friendly to breathing as the air outside. My reflection on the polished surfaces of the water canteens often looked like an inverted skull with my nose blackened by coal dust. We all work together here in a mine in the West of Wales; boys my age toting bags of coal from inside the mine passing us, young girls bashing away at the hard rock walls to get to the coal beneath. We all wore the same clothes, whether girl or boy; trousers soiled by the black gold that we were drawing for people who sat on cushioned chairs smoking cigars, driving their fancy automobiles and eating cheeses of different kinds. The only food we had to eat most of the time was cold porridge and a few pieces of rotten fruit – fruit rots faster in the mines where the heat is trapped by the small openings and the packet of dense air hovering at every cavern opening. The sound of chains jingling as others passed us seemed like hypnotic chimes beating in tune with each strike of the pick. I barely see the sun. I am in the mine before the sun rises and out of the mine when the sun has long gone down into the horizon. I have accustomed my eyes to the flicker of the lamps we carry into the mines; lamps that cast eerie shadows with every movement we all make. The older children always told me to never sing in the mines or I would die. I wore a piece of cloth over my face all of the time to keep me from singing even when I was happy that my mama had recovered from the flu. Edna, the girl my age who picked at the mine walls just beside me sang once. She didn’t come back the following morning. Perhaps the older children were right about singing in the mines. Edna never came back to the mines again. I heard she had become thin and sickly and spat blood. Word had gone out that Edna came down with coal fever and died only a few months after singing in the mines. There are dark spirits in the mines they say – spirits that hate the sound of children’s singing voices. So, nobody ever sings in the mines. I’ve never worn a nice dress since I began working in the mine. I don’t know what hide and seek is. I do know what hide is though – this is what we do in the mines when the big brutes come running in with large leather whips. The often use the whips on the boys – we aren’t allowed to cry, lest the dark spirits get into our open mouths. We whimper, but we try to keep our mouths closed when we get our share of whipping. There’s no point in opening our mouths to the lashes; better to shrivel in pain than to die altogether. My canvass shoes are worn at the soles from walking up to the mine entrances every day. I cannot complain or I would get a heavy lashing. If we complain we do not get our porridge, or worse, our rest. Sometimes I don’t know where I am bleeding from. My fingers often bleed when shards of rock shatter from picking piercing the young skin on my knuckles. Sometimes the beige dust on the cavern floors turns brown under my feet from the blisters on my soles. I can’t feel the pain that much. I have become so used to the pain that I can tolerate it quite successfully, like I tolerate the whips or the pangs from not having anything to eat sometimes. I often think about leaving the mine, especially at nights when I am on my back staring at the stars. The stars always stare at me and sometimes they shed a tear or two. Maybe the stars are also tired from being hung up high in the night. I wonder – are the stars chained to the heavens too? Do they also spend eternities picking away at the blackness of night to draw out more of whatever it is they need to draw? I wonder. Today the mines are still where I am headed. The steep slopes have become more challenging today because of a strange pulsing pain in my belly. I don’t know is wrong with me, but I cannot complain, I cannot get lashed by the big brutes. I find it hard to drag my chained feet up the sides of the slope with my footwear almost clear of its fabric soles. The pain in my soles is not a matter of concern; I have become so used to it; but the pain in my belly is strange, I don’t know what is wrong with me and what I need to do to make it go away. I must find a way and ward the pain away before we enter the mines. I have to take a quick drink. I cannot though, there is only enough water for five drinks – one when we get to the mines, two at luncheon, another at dinnertime, and a last gulp before going to sleep in the camps. If I drink now, I will have nothing to drink at these times. I cannot – must not drink. The pain will go away. I will have to make it go away by thinking about the stars; how long they have been up there and the pains they must endure just to shine night after night after night. The stars are used to their pain, I have to get used to this pain like the way I am used to the other pains I have – the blisters on my soles, the fresh wounds on my knuckles, the nagging ache at my temples. These are just pains – I have to draw coal even when I often forget where on me does the coal mine draw blood. I have to pick and pick more, draw and draw more even with the pain in my belly. I must not open my mouth and groan or the dark spirits might enter my mouth like they did with Edna. I must not sing. I must work. I must not complain. Just before noon, I felt a warm viscous fluid trickle down my thighs underneath my trousers. This is the first time I felt something like this – I was scared the spirits might have found a way into me. I gazed down at my trousers in the flicker of the mine lamps. I can see a dark trail on my trousers – blood. I don’t know where this came from, but it was blood.

Approaches to the study of Religion

Approaches to the study of Religion We can say that there are different approaches that can be taken when studying religion. For the last four decades universities and schools have been acting in response to a constant , steady demand for courses upon the study of religion .The people who take these courses are usually involved in religion themselves ,many are involved a in religious communities or, wishing to know more and learn regarding the religious beliefs of others. Others have no clear vision upon their religious identity and are searching possible traditions, ready to meet their spiritual exploration .So they start looking for different approaches to their study ,bringing along different opinions and whatever the process and methodology is, will bring them information from which eventually they will find answers or give opinion. (Peter Connolly,pp1-2Approche to the Study of Religion,Biddles L.T.D.) The author will attempt to evaluate the strengths and weakness of two approaches to religion and try to compare the work of the two representations and their methodology .The first is Professor Ninian Smart as he wrote widely, regarding different topics in religions, with papers and articles appearing in a vast range of publication sand television worldwide developing his own vision and philosophy of human progress and spiritual evolution. The other is Sri Aurobindo who brought a change to the vision of evolution of life into the divinity of life, In his own words: Man is on a transitorily passage . He is not final. The stage from man to super being is the next which depends from the approach of the achievement on the evolution on earth. It is the logic of Natures process. The works of both Sri Aurobindo and Ninian Smart shows two drastic and completely different approaches to religion. The author as part of his degree course has studied these two vastly differing approaches. Ninian Smarts approach to religion is described in his academic literature as a completely new way to the thinking of religion. He illustrate the introduction of Phenomenology saying, a lot of opinions have been written about not only the physical interchange of races but;, also ethnical and cultural, and especially upon values, so what take place when religions and their tradition convene? Will the globalization lead to a kind of universal religion, as prediction might lead, or it will be turned in a lively variety of many different beliefs? Smart contemplated these question for many years investigating various religions in the world. He explains that such experience definitely will change positions on previous views regarding religious tradition. It may perhaps intensify your religious experience. It all depends on the person you are and the personal period of life you are going through.(Scott London ,the future of religion an Interview with Ninian Smart June 1999 issue ofThe Witne ssmagazine. ) We can confirm that the method of study that Smart used in his approach comprehend both external and internal analysis of religion, characterized by phenomenological perspectives.(James L.Cox,p.159.A guide to the Phenomenology of religion .key figure ,formative influence and subsequent debate. Continuum International publishing group .2006.)Of course the phenomenological approach employed by Smart can be interpreted as an attempt of taking into consideration the individual experience of religion a at the same time trying to separate from it. The method used was to compare the subjective experience with the intent of shaping the arrangement of religion itself from within the structure. This approach can be better understood in his ritual dimension involvement with worshipping, meditations, pilgrimages, sacrifices and healing activities .Of course doctrinal and philosophical dimension is to be taken in consideration without living behind the experimental and emotional dimension and the important ethical and legal dimension.(Ninian Smart,pp10-12,Dimension of the sacred an anatomy of the worlds beliefs ,Harper Collins Publisher 1196) We see from Smarts classifactory account The Experiential and Emotional Dimension The Narrative or Mythic Dimension The Doctrinal The Philosophical Dimension The Ethical and Legal Dimension The Social and Institutional Dimension The Material Dimension The Practical and ritual dimensions (BBC.Religion) Smarts perspective in sustaining a phenomenological perception to the methodology of approach to the study, is far different from the approach that Sri Aurobindo use. First of all we have to say that both, Smart and Aurobindo have not defined religion from objective point of view but rather to determine religion in terms of its own value. Both methods tried to avoid the phenomenological approach. Personal experience is crucial to any understanding of religion .On this particular account Aurobindo discovers the relation or union, he favours, what he identifies as spiritual psychology and integral methods, but for both he confirms that the objective is to be understood and interpreted in terms of subjective.( D P Chattopadhyaya p1integral sociology and dialectical sociology,Shri Jainedra press 1976) From its approach, we understand that Sri Aurobindo begins his work clearly within religious prospect, particularly his own relation with yoga, he explains; the practice is not for ourselves alone, but for the Divine; The intent is to find occupation of good in the world, to outcome a spiritual conversion and to bring down a divine nature and a divine life into the mental, vital and physical nature and life of humanity. Its object is not personal, although is a necessary condition of the yoga. So with Aurobindo is clear the goal is more directly mystical ,to became one with the divine .(Michael T.Mclaughlin,p96, Editrice Ponteficia Universita` Grecoriana Roma 2003)In many occasions he confirmed that he does not intend to promote any old religion or to find a new one and he strongly oppose religious particolarism. So he is proposing a mystical goal and from his yogic teachings he guides,shows and achieves that.(Stephen H.Phillips.p79,Aurobindo`s Philosophyof Brahman,E.J.Brill Leiden 1986) The strength of Smart can be seen that he does not wish to strip religion or faith down to one or two elements say belief in The Virgin Birth and the dogma of out with the church there is no salvation but his classificatory account makes it clear that it has many elements and strands. A criticism of his approach is that it is far to scientific and while starting from the experiential and emotional he soon slips back into trying to seek common themes within all religions Aurobindo did not just stick to an immanental experience of a divine being but that there must be transcendence within the individuals life which is seen in Auroville with a lived approach to ones faith rather like that which is common within Charismatic and Evangelical Churches. A criticism of Aurobindos view may be seen that it seeks to remain within religion itself, similar to that of Smart as they both emphasise the importance of the experience of religion, a personal contact with God or Gods, however within Marxism we can see a move away from this religious experience. Aurobindo offers no guidance upon other religions as his account is purely personal. So how would Aurobindo address questions upon doctrine say within the New Testament? These questions within Smarts Classifactory account would help to define a religion. For example different opinions regarding the Trinity between Roman Catholics and Jehovah Witnesses. Also we can see the beliefs, symbolim and teachings of Aurovil le fitting weel within the above detailed classifacations of Smarts dimensions of religion Can we truly compare two totally different views religion one very internal the other very visual? Is Sri Aurobindo truly internal when we have the community of Auroville and a culture around him? Can we categorize all religions within Ninian Smart definitions? We may conclude saying that maybe religions will never combine in to one global faith ,but we do think that the society is moving towards a global ideology that have a space for religion and identify the contributions of the diverse ethnicity and traditions and bring a new way in helping us to work together for the support of human values and spirituality. What may be the way forward in the teaching and definition of religion is to accept the singularity of each religion and each individuals faith and seek ways in which they can be accommodated within a safe international environment that moves away from empirical definitions.