Diabetes Management Prevention and Management

Question: Discuss about theDiabetes Managementfor Prevention and Management. Answer: Types of Diabetes and Diagnosis of Diabetes Diabetes mellitus or diabetes is a disease in which the blood sugar levels are too high. Insulin helps glucose get into the cells providing energy. Types of Diabetes There are two types of diabetes- Type 1 and Type 2. In Type 1, the body does not make insulin. The immune system mistakenly attacks and kills the beta cells of the pancreas because of which sugar builds in the blood instead of providing energy. This type of diabetes usually develops in childhood or adolescence. In Type 2, the body does not use or make insulin well. Due to insulin insensitivity, the sugar builds up in the blood instead of converting into energy. This type of diabetes generally develops in adults and requires physical activity and medications (Diabetesaustralia.com.au, 2017). Diagnosis of Diabetes To diagnose Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes, the doctor asks for Glycated haemoglobin (A1C) test that involves measuring percentage of blood sugar attached to haemoglobin. In case the A1C level is higher than 6.5 percent, the test shall indicate diabetes. However, in case of absence of this test or inaccuracy, random blood sugar test and fasting blood sugar test may be done. However, another test shall be required to distinguish between the two types of diabetes. C-Peptide may be used for checking antibodies where a low level shall indicate Type 1 diabetes (Kahn, Cooper, Del Prato, 2014). References Diabetesaustralia.com.au,. (2017).Type 1 diabetes.Diabetesaustralia.com.au. Retrieved 13 February 2017, from https://www.diabetesaustralia.com.au/type-1-diabetes Kahn, S. E., Cooper, M. E., Del Prato, S. (2014). Pathophysiology and treatment of type 2 diabetes: perspectives on the past, present, and future. The Lancet, 383(9922), 1068-1083. Prevention and Management of Diabetes The prevention and treatment options of diabetes are elaborated as under: Prevention of Diabetes Type 1 The Type 1 diabetes cannot be prevented. However, the researchers are investigating ways to prevent the disease (Chiang et al., 2014). Type 2 The people must shred excess weight on their bodies to prevent the disease. Reducing the intake of high-sugar and high-calorie foods shall also help in eliminating Type 2 diabetes. Regular exercise shall reduce glycemia and improve blood pressure that can prevent heart diseases and fight disorders in Type 2 diabetes. Certain spices such as black pepper, thyme, turmeric and many other herbs can help in Type 2 diabetes prevention (Lindstrm et al., 2013). Management of Diabetes Type 1 The treatment involves taking insulin injections on a regular basis or using insulin pump. Blood sugar levels need to be monitored at several times daily. The people need to avoid smoking and drinking when there is risk of low blood sugar. Medications such as pramlintide, aspirin, angiotensin II or statins as prescribed by the doctor may be consumed for treating blood pressure, facilitating slow movement of food or lowering cholesterol (Lindstrm et al., 2013). Type 2 For managing Type 2 diabetes, the people need to eat healthy, exercise regularly, insulin therapy and monitor blood sugar levels. For treatment plan, the possible medications include metformin, sulfonylureas, meglitinides and others. Bariatic surgery may also be done if the body mass index is more than 35 (Lindstrm et al., 2013). References Chiang, J., Kirkman, M., Laffel, L., Peters, A. (2014). Type 1 Diabetes Through the Life Span: A Position Statement of the American Diabetes Association.Diabetes Care,37(7), 2034-2054. https://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dc14-1140 Lindstrm, J., Peltonen, M., Eriksson, J. G., Ilanne-Parikka, P., Aunola, S., Keinnen-Kiukaanniemi, S., ... Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study (DPS. (2013). Improved lifestyle and decreased diabetes risk over 13 years: long-term follow-up of the randomised Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study (DPS).Diabetologia,56(2), 284-293.